Adventures in LeetCode: PowerShell Twist

Adventures in LeetCode: PowerShell Twist

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Adventures in Leet Code: PowerShell Twist

I’ve been looking into new challenges recently and decided to give LeetCode a shot. I quickly realized that I haven’t been working on this kind of problem since I took a couple programming classes where I didn’t learn much. Leetcode doesn’t support PowerShell, so I’m going to post these here.

I found that I was having to look up things that I haven’t encountered much while using PowerShell. I really enjoy how these are pushing me to grow. This blog post aims to share some problems and solutions that I’ve worked on.

Useful Constructs

For Loops

A For loop is a great way to iterate on a subset of a collection of items. Oftentimes, foreach is more appropriate, but I’ve found the for loop to be useful in a lot of leetcode questions.

# Reverse a string with a for loop
$string = 'Jill loves cars.'

# make sure to use the length property instead of count when dealing with manipulating characters in a string
$output = for ($i = 1 ; $i -le $string.length; $i++) {
    $string[-$i] # output each character, starting at the back
}
# $output is an array, rather than a string. We need to -join them back together again <3
$output -join ''

Problems

1- Add Binary Strings

Given two binary strings a and b, return their sum as a binary string.

Example 1:

Input: a = “11”, b = “1” Output: “100”

My Solution

function Convert-BinaryStringtoInteger {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [int]$a,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [int]$b
    )
    $aInt = [Convert]::ToInt32($a,2)
    $bInt = [Convert]::ToInt32($b,2)
    $cInt = $aInt + $bInt
    $cBinaryString = [Convert]::ToString($cInt,2)
    Write-Output $cBinaryString
}

Test it

Convert-BinaryStringtoInteger -a 11 -b 1
100

Convert-BinaryStringtoInteger -a 1010 -b 1011
10101

2 - Remove All Adjacent Duplicates In String

Problem

Remove All Adjacent Duplicates In String. You are given a string s consisting of lowercase English letters. A duplicate removal consists of choosing two adjacent and equal letters and removing them.

We repeatedly make duplicate removals on s until we no longer can.

Return the final string after all such duplicate removals have been made. It can be proven that the answer is unique.

My Solution

function Remove-AdjacentDuplicates {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateScript({
                if (-not ($_ -cmatch '[a-z]')) {
                    throw 'lowercase English letters only'
                }
                else { $true }
            })]
        [ValidateLength(1, 100000)]
        [string]
        $s
    )
    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $s.length ; $i++) {

        if ($s[$i] -eq $s[$i + 1]) {
            $stringToReplace = "$($s[$i])$( $s[ $i + 1 ])"
            $s = $s.replace($stringtoReplace, '')
            $i = -1 # set to negative because it get +1 every iteration and we want it to be on 0
        }
    }
    Write-Output $s
}

Test it

Remove-AdjacentDuplicates -s abbaca
ca

Remove-AdjacentDuplicates -s azxxzy
ay

3 - Valid Word Abbreviation

Given a string word and an abbreviation abbr, return whether the string matches the given abbreviation.

A substring is a contiguous non-empty sequence of characters within a string.

My Solution

function Test-ValidWordAbbreviation {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateLength(1, 20)]
        [ValidateScript({
                if ($_ -cmatch '[a-z]0') {
                    throw "No leading zeros"
                }
                if ($_ -cmatch '[A-Z]') {
                    throw "No capital letters"
                }
                else { $true }
            })]
        [string]$Word,
    
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateLength(1, 10)]
        [string]$Abbr
    )
        
    $replacedAbbr = $Abbr
    $pattern = '\d{1,}' # 1 or more digits   
    $matches = [regex]::Matches($replacedAbbr , $pattern)
        
    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $matches.Count; $i++) {   
    
        $numbers = [regex]::Matches($replacedAbbr , $pattern)
        [int]$upperBound = $numbers[0].Index + $numbers[0].value - 1    
        $replacementText = $word[ $numbers[0].index..$upperBound ] -join ''
        $replacedAbbr = $replacedAbbr.Replace( $numbers[0].Value , $replacementText )
        
    }
    
    if ($replacedAbbr -eq $Word) { Write-Output $true }
    else { Write-Output $false }
}

Test it

Test-ValidWordAbbreviation -Word internationalization -Abbr i12iz4n
True

Test-ValidWordAbbreviation -Word a2e -Abbr apple
False

4 - Valid Palindrome II

Given a string s, return true if the s can be palindrome after deleting at most one character from it.

My Solution

function Test-ValidPalindromeII {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [ValidateLength(1, 100000)]
        [ValidateScript({
                if ($_ -cmatch '[A-Z]') {
                    throw 'lowercase English letters only'
                }
                else {
                    Write-Output $true
                }
            })]
        [string]
        $s
    )

    # See if it's a palindrome as-is
    $reversedWord = for ($j = 1; $j -le $s.length; $j++) {
        $s[ - $j ]
    }
    $reversedWord = $reversedWord -join ''
    if ($reversedWord -eq $s) { $Palindrome = $true }

    # Iterate through and remove a character then test if it's a palindrome
    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $s.length; $i++) {
        # break from loop if $Palindrome is set to $true
        if ($Palindrome) { break }

        $replacedWord = $s.remove($i, 1)
        $reversedWord = for ($j = 1; $j -le $replacedWord.length; $j++) {
            $replacedWord[ - $j ]
        }
        $reversedWord = $reversedWord -join ''

        if ($reversedWord -eq $replacedWord) {
            $Palindrome = $true
        }
    }

    if ($Palindrome) {
        Write-Output $true
    }
    else { Write-Output $false }

}

Test it

Test-ValidPalindromeII -s 'aba'
True

Test-ValidPalindromeII -s 'abca'
True

Test-ValidPalindromeII -s 'abc'
False

5 - Valid Phone Number

Given a text file input that contains list of phone numbers (one per line).

Write a bash script to print all valid phone numbers.You may assume that a valid phone number must appear in one of the following two formats:

  1. xxx-xxxx xxx-xxx-xxxx You may also assume each line in the text file must not contain leading or trailing white spaces.
function Get-ValidPhoneNumber {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$Numbers
    )
    foreach($number in $Numbers){
        if ($number -match '^\(\d{3}\) \d{3}-\d{4}$'){
            Write-Output $number
        }
        if ($number -match '^\d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}$') {
            Write-Output $number
        }
    }
}

Test It

$numbers = "987-123-4567", "123 456 7890","(123) 456-7890"
Get-ValidPhoneNumber -Numbers $numbers

6 - Lines in a given range

Write a bash script to print all the lines of the input which are in the given range. The first line of the input contains two integers l and r separated by space. You have to print all the lines of the file input which are in the range of [l, r].

function Get-LinesinGivenRange {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]
        $InputContent
    )

    $ranges = ($InputContent -split "`n")[0].trim() -split ' '
    $InputContent = $InputContent -split "`n"
    $InputContent[( $range[0] -1 )..( $range[1] -1 )]

}

Test It

$content = "10 15
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
Line 5
Line 6
Line 7
Line 8
Line 9
Line 10
Line 11
Line 12
Line 13
Line 14
Line 15
Line 16
Line 17
Line 18
Line 19
Line 20"

Get-LinesinGivenRange -Input $content -Range 10,15

7 - Remove Punctuations

Write a bash script that removes all the punctuations in the given file named input For this question, assume that all of the following symbols are punctuations: ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ - + = { } [ ] ; : ’ " ` / > ? . , < ~ |

Example:

Assume that input has the following content:

This’s the sunny day. It is the sunny day, we can go out. Your script should output the following:

Thiss the sunny day It is the sunny day we can go out

My Solution

function Remove-Punctuation {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]
        $InputContent
    )
    $characters = '!', '@', '#', '$', '%', '^', '&', '*', '(', ')', '_', '-', '+', '=', '{', '}', '[', ']', ';', ':', "'", '"', '`', '/', '>', '?', '.', ',', '<', '~', '|', '\'

    $characters | Foreach-Object {
        $InputContent = $InputContent.replace($_, '')
    }
    Write-Output $InputContent
}

Test it

$string = "This's the sunny day.
It is the sunny day, we can go out."
Remove-Punctuation -InputContent $string

Thiss the sunny day
It is the sunny day we can go out

8 - Majority Element

Given an array of size n, find the majority element. The majority element is the element that appears more than floor(n/2) times. You may assume that the array is non-empty and the majority element always exist in the array.

Example :

Input : [2, 1, 2] Return : 2 which occurs 2 times which is greater than 3/2.

My solution

function Get-Solution {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [int[]]$Numbers
    )
    $numbers | Where-Object {$_ -gt ($Numbers.count / 2) } | Select-Object -First 1
}

Test It

Get-Solution -Numbers 2,1,2
2

9 - Reverse Words in a String

Given an input string s, reverse the order of the words.

A word is defined as a sequence of non-space characters. The words in s will be separated by at least one space.

Return a string of the words in reverse order concatenated by a single space.

Note that s may contain leading or trailing spaces or multiple spaces between two words. The returned string should only have a single space separating the words. Do not include any extra spaces.

My Solution

function Reverse-WordsinString {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
    [Parameter(Mandatory)]
    [string]$S
    )
    
    $words = ($S -split ' ').trim() # Split the words and remove extra spaces
    
        # the skye is blue
       $output = for ($i = 1; $i -le $words.count; $i++){
            $words[-$i] | Where-Object {$_ -Match '\w'} # only grab words, not blank lines
        }
    $output -join ' '
}

Test It

Reverse-WordsinString -S "the skye is blue"
blue is skye the

Reverse-WordsinString -S "  Bob    Loves  Alice   "
Alice Loves Bob

Reverse-WordsinString -S "Alice does not even like bob"
bob like even not does Alice

10 - Word Break

Given a string s and a dictionary of strings wordDict, return true if s can be segmented into a space-separated sequence of one or more dictionary words.

Note that the same word in the dictionary may be reused multiple times in the segmentation.

Example 1:

Input: s = “leetcode”, wordDict = [“leet”,“code”] Output: true Explanation: Return true because “leetcode” can be segmented as “leet code”. Example 2:

Input: s = “applepenapple”, wordDict = [“apple”,“pen”] Output: true Explanation: Return true because “applepenapple” can be segmented as “apple pen apple”. Note that you are allowed to reuse a dictionary word. Example 3:

Input: s = “catsandog”, wordDict = [“cats”,“dog”,“sand”,“and”,“cat”] Output: false

My Solution

function Test-WordBreak {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string]$s,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory)]
        [string[]]$WordDict
    )
        
    $remainingWords = $s
    foreach ($word in $WordDict ) {
        $remainingWords = $remainingWords -split $word
    }
    if ( ( $remainingWords | Where-Object { $_ -match '\w' }) -gt 0) {
        return $false
    }
    else {
        return $true
    }
}

Test it

test-wordbreak -s leetcode -worddict 'leet','code'
True

test-wordbreak -s applepenapple -worddict 'apple','pen'
True

test-wordbreak -s catsandog -WordDict 'cats','dog','sand','and','cat'
False

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